街で手に入る薬物と処方される向精神薬との相互作用
乱用薬物と処方される向精神薬とに相互作用の可能性があることは,薬物乱用者に向精神薬が処方される確率が高いため,なおさらよくあることである1 。有害な相互作用に関する情報の多くは症例報告や想定上の理論に基づくものであり,体系的調査によるものは稀である。主な相互作用を表 4.21 にまとめる。
街で手に入る薬物の乱用者すべてにおいて:
- B型およびC型肝炎感染を頻繁に認める。これによる肝機能障害により,他の薬剤の代謝能力低下と副作用感受性の増加をもたらす可能性がある。
- HIV感染を頻繁に認める2, 3。抗レトロウイルス薬は多くの処方薬および非処方薬と薬物動態学的相互作用を引き起こす4 。例えば,リトナビルは「エクスタシー」の代謝を抑制し毒性を誘発しうる。また,他のいくつかの抗レトロウイルス薬により,メサドンの代謝が促進または抑制される5 。
- 処方薬が違法薬物と同じように使われる(すなわち目的とは異なり誤用される)可能性がある。多量の処方薬を外来患者に処方すべきでない。
- メサドンや他のオピオイド作動薬の過量摂取による死亡は,呼吸抑制作用を有する薬物との相加・相乗効果が関与している可能性がある6。ベンゾジアゼピン系薬剤等の鎮静薬を処方する際には注意が必要である。
表4.21 街で手に入る薬物と向精神薬の相互作用
大麻 | ヘロイン/メサドン6 | コカイン,アンフェタミン,エクスタシー,MDA,6-APD | アルコール | ケタミン 7 | |
全体的な特徴 |
|
|
|
|
|
古典的抗精神病薬 |
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第二世代抗精神病薬 |
|
|
|
|
|
抗うつ薬 |
|
|
|
|
|
抗コリン薬 |
|
||||
リチウム |
|
||||
カルバマゼピン(CBZ)/バルプロ酸 |
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|
|
|
|
ベンゾジアゼピン系薬剤 |
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|
|
|
|
(内田 貴仁)
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