抗うつ薬と糖尿病
うつ病と糖尿病
糖尿病とうつ病との関係は確立されている1。糖尿病患者における抑うつ症状の合併率は研究のデザインと用いられたスクリーニング方法によって異なり,9-60%と報告されている2。さらに,糖尿病の罹患はうつ病合併の確率を2倍にし2,糖尿病の診断は抗うつ薬が処方される可能性が増加することと関連する3, 4。うつ病と糖尿病が併存している患者では心血管系の危険因子の数が多く,死亡のリスクが50%高くなる5, 6。うつ病の存在は代謝調節に悪影響を及ぼし,代謝調節不良はうつ病を悪化させうる7。以上を考慮すると,糖尿病患者において合併したうつ病の治療は極めて重要であり,薬剤選択の際は代謝調節への影響を考えなければならない(表3.19参照)。コクラン・レビューでは,抗うつ薬は血糖コントロールに作用して中等度に改善させると示唆している8。しかし,抗うつ薬を処方すると,糖尿病薬へのアドヒアランスが低下する可能性に注意する必要がある9。
表3.19 抗うつ薬がグルコース恒常性と体重に及ぼす影響
抗うつ薬の種類 | グルコース恒常性と体重に及ぼす影響 |
SSRI10-23 |
|
TCA16, 17, 27-29 |
|
MAOI30, 31 |
|
SNRI28, 32, 33 |
|
ミルタザピン35, 36 |
|
agomelatine22, 23, 37, 38 |
|
reboxetine,トラゾドン,ボルチオキセチン |
|
推奨
- うつ病と診断されたすべての患者で糖尿病スクリーニングを行うべきである。糖尿病患者に対する推奨を以下に示す。
- SSRIを第一選択として使用する。データはセルトラリン,エスシタロプラム,fluoxetineを支持している。
- SNRIも安全と考えられるが支持するデータは少ない。
- agomelatineは有望であると思われるがデータが限られている。
- TCAやMAOIは体重やグルコース恒常性に影響を及ぼすため,可能であれば避けるべきである。
- 抗うつ薬の投与開始時,用量変更時,中止後に,血糖値とHbA1cを注意深くモニタリングする。
(久保 馨彦)
参照文献
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